Today we start early and make the visits of Laodicea (present name Denizli), yet another of the Seven Churches of Asia Minor [Rev. 1:11; 3:14; Col. 2:1; 4:13 - 16]. We see the ancient theatre, the remains of a basilica and ancient stone water pipes.
We continue to the healing city of Hierapolis, actually Pamukkale, the white «cotton fortress» where hot mineral water bursts from the earth and cascades over steep cliffs forming pools, channels and stalactites. The therapeutic waters were known to the founders of Hierapolis and of Laodicea in 190 BC. In Hierapolis [Col. 4:13] we visit the Martyrium of the Apostle Philip where he was martyred during the persecutions ordered by Domitian.
Then our journey takes us to Sardis, presently Sart, the capital of the ancient Lydian kingdom of the 6th century BC, portrayed as a dying church [Rev. 1:11; 3:1–4]. We visit the great Temple of Artemis and the Temple of Cybele, which became a Byzantine Church. We will also visit the restored gymnasium and reconstructed Synagogue. We also see the last several meters of the royal Persian Road from Susa to Sardis built by Cyrus the Great and the «golden» river Pactolos. Lunch en route.
Finally, we arrive at Philadelphia, nowadays called Alasehir, another church of the Seven Churches of Asia [Rev. 1:11; 3:7], and the only church not censured. There we see the remains of a Byzantine basilica built of brick, with a bit of high arch and some 11th century frescoes. In the evening we drive to Selcuk for overnight.
Z was our guide and she did a magnificent job. It was a biblical tour so she asked us our denomination and what we believed so she could cater it to our needs. She gave us as much history as we were interested in, which was fantastic. She was easy to understand. It was our 43rd wedding anniversary and at the lunch stop she surprised us with an anniversary cake to celebrate. She was very thoughtful, asking us how we were doing, making sure we understood what was happening next and giving us some background information on the next site. The driver did a wonderful job as well. He was a very good driver, patient and maneuvered the vehicle well in tight spots.